Last-Mile Vaccine Stock Visibility and Analytics Project
Funder: Gavi
Project location: Nigeria (all 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory)
Background
Despite significant investments in vaccine supply chain and health information systems, Nigeria’s primary healthcare system continues to face critical gaps in last-mile vaccine stock visibility. Fragmented digital platforms, inconsistent reporting, and weak integration of data into stock management and resupply decisions persist, leading to delayed replenishment, preventable stock-outs, and missed opportunities to immunize children.
The Last-Mile Vaccine Stock Visibility and Analytics project aim to close last-mile gaps by enabling near–real-time visibility of vaccine stock situation at frontline service delivery points and strengthening decision-making across all levels of the immunization supply chain.
Project objectives and approach (Interventions and model)
The intervention aims to strengthen Nigeria’s immunization supply chain by making facility-level stock data accurate, timely, and actionable for decision-making across all health system levels. Its core goal is to ensure consistent vaccine availability by reducing stock-outs, preventing over-stocking and wastage, and enabling evidence-based forecasting and resupply.
The primary beneficiaries are all ~12,000 equipped frontline health facilities and, local government, state and zonal cold stores managing vaccine inventories, (re)distribution and supervision, and the national logistics team overseeing forecasting, allocation, and policy.
Implementation follows a systems-strengthening and integration-driven model. DDP began the project with a diagnostic which included a review of the digital readiness and process for vaccine stock reporting at the facility and national nodes of the supply chain to assess existing reporting platforms, particularly DHIS2 and OpenLMIS, device availability, connectivity, and reporting workflows. With these findings, DDP supported the NPHCDA to develop a costed last mile vaccine stock reporting, analytics and governance strategy and an associated roadmap for implementation across the 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory . Thereafter, we facilitated the design and deployment of an integrated last-mile reporting and analytics platform that harmonizes indicators, aligns with national supply-chain standards, and links facility-level stock data to national logistics systems through interoperable dashboards.
Execution is anchored on structured capacity building and embedded governance mechanisms. National and state trainers are equipped to cascade skills to local governments and facilities, focusing on real-time data entry, data quality assurance, system use, and dashboard-driven stock monitoring. Facility-level mentorship and routine feedback loops ensure that data generated through the system directly informs vaccine resupply, cold-chain management, and supervisory actions.
Results
So far, 49, 470 health facility User IDs have been created on the national instance of the OpenLMIS to enable interoperability of facility-level data from the DHIS2 platform enabling visibility for each node of the supply chain (LGA, State, Zonal & National)
We have trained 1,498 health facility staff and supply-chain officers across three phase 1 states, Jigawa, Bayelsa and Ogun, as well as national vaccine logistics managers, to digitally report vaccine stock data on the DHIS2 reporting platform and the OpenLMIS analytics dashboard. This has strengthened readiness and capacity to use harmonized vaccine stock indicators and analytics tools across the immunization supply chain. Plans are underway to train an additional 34,905 health workers across the outstanding 33+1 states before the end of 2026.
428 cold chain-equipped health facilities in the 3 initial states have been enabled to digitally report vaccine stock information.
Building on this foundation, the project will improve the accuracy, completeness, and timeliness of vaccine stock reporting as reporting commences. User-friendly dashboards will support state and LGA logisticians to identify stock risks and trigger timely re-supply or redistribution. Enhanced near–real-time visibility is expected to reduce stock-outs, improve supply-chain responsiveness, and increase vaccine availability at service delivery points, while strengthened coordination will promote accountability and data-driven decision-making.
Funders and Partnership Acknowledgement
This initiative is led by the National Primary Health Care Development Agency (NPHCDA) with funding support from Gavi to strengthen vaccine delivery systems in Nigeria. UNICEF supports implementation through its national and state structures, while VillageReach, WHO, CHAI and Solina provide technical assistance in system design, training, and performance improvement through the National Logistics Working Group (NLWG) in close collaboration with State Primary Health Care Boards and local governments.
